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PRIMARY 5: MATHEMATICS – FIRST TERM | WEEK 7

Updated February 16, 2026First Term, Mathematics, Primary 5

TOPIC: ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF FRACTIONS AND MIXED NUMBERS

A: TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS

  1. Fraction chart.
  2. Fraction strips.
  3. Number cards.
  4. Paper shapes divided into equal parts.
  5. Chalkboard/whiteboard.
  6. Pupils’ exercise books and pencils.

B: REFERENCE MATERIALS

  1. Scheme of work.
  2. Recommended Mathematics textbook for Primary 5.
  3. Online educational resources.

C: PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

The pupils have learnt simple fractions, equivalent fractions and how to find the LCM of numbers.

D: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Add fractions with the same denominator.
  2. Add fractions with different denominators.
  3. Subtract fractions correctly.
  4. Add mixed numbers.
  5. Subtract mixed numbers.
  6. Solve simple word problems involving fractions.

E: CONTENT

Addition of Fractions with the Same Denominator

When the denominators are the same, add the numerators.
Example:

2/7 + 3/7 = 5/7

Addition of Fractions with Different Denominators

Find the LCM of the denominators first.
Example:

1/2 + 1/4

LCM of 2 and 4 = 4
1/2 = 2/4
Therefore:
2/4 + 1/4 = 3/4

Subtraction of Fractions

Example:

5/6 − 2/6 = 3/6 = 1/2

Addition of Mixed Numbers

Example:

2 1/4 + 1 2/4

Add the whole numbers:
2 + 1 = 3
Add the fractions:
1/4 + 2/4 = 3/4
Answer = 3 3/4

Subtraction of Mixed Numbers

Example:

4 3/5 − 2 1/5

Whole numbers:
4 − 2 = 2
Fractions:
3/5 − 1/5 = 2/5
Answer = 2 2/5

Word Problem

Ada ate 1/4 of a cake in the morning and 2/4 in the evening.
Total eaten:
1/4 + 2/4 = 3/4

F: LESSON PRESENTATION

F1: Teachers’ Activities

  1. Revises equivalent fractions.
  2. Explains addition of fractions with the same denominator.
  3. Demonstrates addition of fractions with different denominators.
  4. Explains subtraction of fractions.
  5. Demonstrates addition and subtraction of mixed numbers.
  6. Solves simple word problems with the pupils.
  7. Gives exercises for practice.

F2: Pupils’ Activities

  1. Add simple fractions.
  2. Find common denominators.
  3. Subtract fractions.
  4. Add mixed numbers.
  5. Subtract mixed numbers.
  6. Solve word problems.
  7. Check their answers.

G: CONCLUSION

The teacher revises addition and subtraction of fractions and mixed numbers and corrects pupils where necessary.
Pupils are reminded to find a common denominator when the denominators are different.

H: EVALUATION GUIDE

Pupils should be able to answer the following questions:

  1. Add 2/5 + 1/5.
  2. Add 1/2 + 1/4.
  3. Subtract 5/8 − 2/8.
  4. Find 3/4 − 1/4.
  5. Add 2 1/3 + 1 1/3.
  6. Subtract 5 3/4 − 2 1/4.
  7. Bola ate 1/5 of a loaf in the morning and 2/5 in the afternoon. What fraction did she eat altogether?