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PRIMARY 5: MATHEMATICS – FIRST TERM | WEEK 5

Updated February 2, 2026First Term, Mathematics, Primary 5

TOPIC: RATIO

A: TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS

  1. Counters.
  2. Bottle tops.
  3. Coloured objects.
  4. Ratio flashcards.
  5. Chalkboard/whiteboard.
  6. Pupils’ exercise books.

B: REFERENCE MATERIALS

  1. Scheme of work.
  2. Recommended Mathematics textbook for Primary 5.
  3. Online educational resources.

C: PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

The pupils can count, compare quantities and divide simple whole numbers.

D: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Explain ratio.
  2. Write quantities as ratios.
  3. Compare two quantities using ratio.
  4. Simplify ratios.
  5. Find equivalent ratios.
  6. Share quantities in a given ratio.
  7. Solve simple problems involving ratio.

E: CONTENT

Meaning of Ratio

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind.
We use the sign : to write a ratio.
Example:
👦👦👦 👧👧
There are 3 boys and 2 girls.
Ratio of boys to girls = 3 : 2

Writing Ratios

If there are 4 red balls and 6 blue balls:
🔴🔴🔴🔴
🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵
Ratio of red balls to blue balls = 4 : 6

Simplifying Ratio

4 : 6 can be divided by 2.
4 ÷ 2 : 6 ÷ 2
\= 2 : 3

Equivalent Ratios

2 : 3 is equivalent to:
4 : 6
6 : 9
8 : 12

Sharing in a Ratio

Share 15 oranges in the ratio 2 : 3.
Total parts = 2 + 3 = 5
15 ÷ 5 = 3
First share = 2 × 3 = 6
Second share = 3 × 3 = 9
Therefore:

6 : 9

F: LESSON PRESENTATION

F1: Teachers’ Activities

  1. Uses classroom objects to introduce ratio.
  2. Explains how quantities are compared.
  3. Demonstrates how to write ratios.
  4. Shows how to simplify ratios.
  5. Explains equivalent ratios.
  6. Demonstrates sharing quantities in a given ratio.
  7. Gives pupils practice questions.

F2: Pupils’ Activities

  1. Count objects.
  2. Compare quantities.
  3. Write ratios.
  4. Simplify given ratios.
  5. Find equivalent ratios.
  6. Share quantities in given ratios.
  7. Solve word problems.

G: CONCLUSION

The teacher revises the meaning of ratio and how ratios are written, simplified and used to share quantities.

H: EVALUATION GUIDE

Pupils should be able to answer the following questions:

  1. What is ratio?
  2. Write the ratio of 3 boys to 5 girls.
  3. Simplify 4 : 8.
  4. Simplify 6 : 9.
  5. Give one equivalent ratio of 2 : 3.
  6. Share 20 in the ratio 1 : 3.
  7. What symbol is used to write a ratio?