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PRIMARY 4: CIVIC EDUCATION – FIRST TERM | WEEK 7

Updated February 16, 2026Civic Education, First Term, Primary 4

TOPIC: DEMOCRACY AND SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT

A: TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS

  1. Pictures of voters.
  2. Picture of a ballot box.
  3. Chart showing democratic government.
  4. Flashcards.
  5. Chalkboard and marker.

B: REFERENCE MATERIALS

  1. Scheme of work.
  2. Recommended Civic Education textbook for Primary 4.
  3. Online educational resources.

C: PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

The pupils have learnt about traditional and constitutional government and understand that government can operate under laws.

D: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Explain democracy.
  2. Mention features of democracy.
  3. Explain presidential government.
  4. Explain parliamentary government.
  5. State the importance of elections.

E: CONTENT

Meaning of Democracy

Democracy is a system of government in which the people choose their leaders. People usually choose their leaders through elections. 🗳️ Citizens vote for candidates of their choice.

Features of Democracy

Democracy involves:

  1. Elections.
  2. Freedom to choose leaders.
  3. Respect for the law.
  4. Participation by citizens.
  5. Protection of citizens’ rights.

Presidential System of Government

In a presidential system, the president is the head of government. Nigeria operates a presidential system of government.

Parliamentary System of Government

In a parliamentary system, the prime minister usually leads the government.

Importance of Elections

Elections help citizens to:

  • choose leaders.
  • replace leaders peacefully.
  • participate in government.
  • express their choices.

F: LESSON PRESENTATION

F1: Teachers’ Activities

  1. Explains democracy.
  2. Shows pictures of elections.
  3. Discusses features of democracy.
  4. Explains presidential government.
  5. Explains parliamentary government.
  6. Discusses the importance of elections.

F2: Pupils’ Activities

  1. Define democracy.
  2. Mention features of democracy.
  3. Identify election materials from pictures.
  4. Explain presidential government.
  5. Explain parliamentary government.
  6. State reasons elections are important.

G: CONCLUSION

The teacher revises democracy and explains that democratic government allows citizens to participate in choosing their leaders. The teacher encourages pupils to value fairness, peaceful participation and respect for rules.

H: EVALUATION GUIDE

Pupils should be able to answer the following questions:

  1. What is democracy?
  2. How do people choose leaders in a democracy?
  3. Mention three features of democracy.
  4. Who heads a presidential government?
  5. Who usually leads a parliamentary government?
  6. Mention two reasons elections are important.