TOPIC: EXAMPLES AND SOURCES OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES
A: TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS
- Pictures of rotten foods.
- Expired food packages.
- Pictures of uncovered food.
- Pictures of dirty water.
- Pictures of household chemicals.
- Pupils’ notebooks and pencils.
B: REFERENCE MATERIALS
- Scheme of work.
- Recommended SOCIAL STUDIES textbook for Primary 2.
- Online educational resources.
C: PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
The pupils have learnt the meaning of harmful substances and can identify some unsafe foods, drinks, medicines and chemicals.
D: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Mention examples of harmful substances.
- Identify sources of harmful substances at home.
- Identify unsafe food and water.
- Explain why expired products are dangerous.
- State simple ways of avoiding harmful substances.
E: CONTENT
Examples of Harmful Substances
Harmful substances may come from food, water, medicines or household products.
1. Rotten Food
Rotten food may:
- smell bad,
- change colour,
- grow mould.
It should not be eaten.
2. Expired Food
Food that has passed its expiry date may be unsafe.
3. Expired Medicines
Expired medicines should not be used.
4. Poorly Cooked Food
Some food can be unsafe when it is not properly cooked.
5. Food Exposed to Flies
Flies can carry dirt and germs onto uncovered food. 🪰🍲
6. Dirty Water
Unsafe water can come from:
- dirty containers,
- polluted streams,
- uncovered storage,
- contaminated sources.
7. Household Chemicals
Harmful substances can also come from:
- bleach,
- detergents,
- insecticides,
- fuel.
Children should not drink or taste them.
F: LESSON PRESENTATION
F1: Teachers’ Activities
- Revises harmful substances.
- Shows examples using pictures.
- Explains sources of unsafe food and water.
- Discusses expired products.
- Identifies common household chemicals.
- Teaches pupils how to avoid these substances.
F2: Pupils’ Activities
- Identify rotten and expired products.
- Mention sources of dirty water.
- State why food should be covered.
- Name household chemicals that should not be tasted.
- Answer oral questions.
G: CONCLUSION
The teacher revises examples and sources of harmful substances and corrects pupils where necessary. Pupils are encouraged to inspect food carefully and avoid unknown or unsafe substances.
H: EVALUATION GUIDE
Pupils should be able to answer the following questions:
- Mention four examples of harmful substances.
- Why should rotten food not be eaten?
- Why should food be covered?
- Mention two sources of unsafe water.
- Name two household chemicals children should avoid.