TOPIC: NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY II
A: TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS
- Pictures of dry taps and water queues.
- Water conservation chart.
- Pictures of dams and reservoirs.
- Flashcards.
- Pupils’ notebooks.
B: REFERENCE MATERIALS
- Scheme of work.
- Recommended Social Studies textbook for Primary 5.
- Online educational resources.
C: PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
The pupils have learnt about sources, uses and importance of clean water and know that water supply may not always be sufficient.
D: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Explain water shortage.
- Mention causes of water scarcity.
- State effects of water shortage.
- Explain water conservation.
- Mention ways of conserving water.
- Suggest ways government and communities can improve water supply.
E: CONTENT
Meaning of Water Shortage
Water shortage means a situation in which there is not enough water to meet people’s needs.
Causes of Water Shortage
Water shortage may be caused by:
- Drought.
- Population growth.
- Broken pipes.
- Poor water facilities.
- Pollution.
- Waste of water.
- Poor maintenance.
- Seasonal changes.
Effects of Water Shortage
Water shortage may lead to:
- Poor hygiene.
- Difficulty in cooking.
- Reduced farming activities.
- Closure of some businesses.
- Spread of diseases.
- Long queues for water.
Meaning of Water Conservation
Water conservation means using water carefully and avoiding waste.
Ways to Conserve Water
- Turn off taps after use.
- Repair leaking pipes.
- Reuse suitable water where possible.
- Avoid unnecessary washing.
- Collect rainwater safely for suitable purposes.
- Do not leave taps running.
Improving Water Supply
Government and communities can:
- Drill boreholes.
- Build dams.
- Repair water pipes.
- Treat water.
- Protect rivers.
- Maintain water facilities.
- Provide storage tanks.
F: LESSON PRESENTATION
F1: Teachers’ Activities
- Revises sources of water.
- Explains water shortage.
- Discusses causes.
- Explains effects.
- Introduces water conservation.
- Demonstrates ways to conserve water.
- Discusses how government can improve water supply.
F2: Pupils’ Activities
- Explain water shortage.
- Mention causes.
- State effects.
- Explain water conservation.
- Demonstrate ways to save water.
- Suggest ways to improve supply.
- Participate in class discussion.
G: CONCLUSION
The teacher revises water shortage, its causes and effects, and ways of conserving water. The teacher encourages pupils to use water wisely at home and school.
H: EVALUATION GUIDE
Pupils should be able to answer the following questions:
- What is water shortage?
- Mention five causes of water shortage.
- State four effects of water shortage.
- What is water conservation?
- Mention five ways to conserve water.
- State four ways government can improve water supply.
- Why should leaking pipes be repaired?