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PRIMARY 4: BASIC SCIENCE – FIRST TERM | WEEK 2

Updated January 12, 2026Basic Science, First Term, Primary 4

TOPIC: CHANGES IN PLANTS

A: TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS

  1. Germinating seeds.
  2. Young plants.
  3. Mature plants.
  4. Pictures showing stages of plant growth.
  5. Fresh and dry leaves.
  6. Fruits at different stages of ripening.
  7. Chart showing the life cycle of a plant.

B: REFERENCE MATERIALS

  1. Scheme of work.
  2. Recommended Basic Science textbook for Primary 4.
  3. Online educational resources.

C: PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

The pupils have learnt that change means becoming different and that changes may be temporary or permanent.

D: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Explain changes that occur in plants.
  2. Describe how seeds germinate.
  3. Identify stages in the growth of a plant.
  4. Mention observable changes in plants.
  5. Explain fruit ripening and leaf drying.
  6. Observe and record changes in a growing plant.

E: CONTENT

Changes in Plants

Plants are living things. They undergo changes as they grow. A plant may begin as a small seed and later grow into a mature plant.

Germination

Germination is the beginning of the growth of a seed into a young plant. For germination to take place, most seeds need:

  • Water.
  • Air.
  • Suitable warmth.

🌱 Seed → Seedling → Young plant → Mature plant

Stages of Plant Growth

  1. Seed.
  2. Germination.
  3. Seedling.
  4. Young plant.
  5. Mature plant.
  6. Flowering.
  7. Fruiting.

Changes We Observe in Plants

As plants grow:

  • Roots become longer.
  • Stems become stronger.
  • More leaves appear.
  • Plants become taller.
  • Flowers may develop.
  • Fruits may form.
  • Fruits may become ripe.

Changes in Leaves and Fruits

Green leaves may become yellow, brown and dry before falling. Fruits may change colour as they ripen. Examples:

  • Green tomato → red tomato.
  • Green banana → yellow banana.
  • Green mango → yellow or reddish ripe mango.

F: LESSON PRESENTATION

F1: Teachers’ Activities

  1. Shows pupils seeds and growing plants.
  2. Explains germination.
  3. Displays a chart showing plant growth.
  4. Explains the stages of plant development.
  5. Shows fresh and dry leaves.
  6. Discusses changes in fruits during ripening.
  7. Guides pupils to observe a growing plant.

F2: Pupils’ Activities

  1. Observe seeds and young plants.
  2. Mention changes they see in plants.
  3. Arrange pictures of plant growth in order.
  4. Identify fresh and dry leaves.
  5. Describe changes in ripening fruits.
  6. Observe and record the growth of a plant.

G: CONCLUSION

The teacher revises the stages of plant growth and emphasizes that plants change in size, colour and form as they grow. Pupils are encouraged to observe plants around their homes.

H: EVALUATION GUIDE

Pupils should be able to answer the following questions:

  1. What is germination?
  2. Mention three things needed for germination.
  3. Name three stages in the growth of a plant.
  4. Mention two changes that occur in plants as they grow.
  5. What may happen to leaves before they fall?
  6. What colour does a green banana usually become when ripe?
  7. Arrange correctly: mature plant, seed, seedling.