TOPIC: MEASUREMENT OF TIME
A: TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS
- Wall clock.
- Wristwatch.
- Stopwatch.
- Calendar.
- Clock-face chart.
- Flashcards showing units of time.
- Pupils’ exercise books.
B: REFERENCE MATERIALS
- Scheme of work.
- Recommended Basic Science textbook for Primary 4.
- Online educational resources.
C: PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
The pupils can tell simple time from clocks and are familiar with days of the week, months of the year and daily activities such as school time and bedtime.
D: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Explain time.
- Identify instruments used for measuring time.
- State units of time.
- Read simple clock times.
- State relationships between common units of time.
- Measure the duration of simple activities.
- Explain the importance of time measurement.
E: CONTENT
Meaning of Time
Time tells us when an event happens and how long it lasts. Examples:
- Time to wake up.
- Time to go to school.
- Time for break.
- Time to sleep.
Instruments Used for Measuring Time
Time can be measured using:
- Clock.
- Wristwatch.
- Stopwatch.
- Timer.
- Calendar.
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Units of Time
Common units include:
- Seconds.
- Minutes.
- Hours.
- Days.
- Weeks.
- Months.
- Years.
Relationship Between Units of Time
- 60 seconds = 1 minute
- 60 minutes = 1 hour
- 24 hours = 1 day
- 7 days = 1 week
- 12 months = 1 year
Reading a Clock
A clock has:
- An hour hand.
- A minute hand.
If the hour hand points to 8 and the minute hand points to 12, the time is:
8:00 or eight o’clock.
Measuring Duration
Duration means how long an activity takes. Example: A lesson starts at 9:00 a.m. and ends at 10:00 a.m. Duration = 1 hour
Importance of Time
Time helps us to:
- Arrive at school early.
- Plan our activities.
- Keep appointments.
- Know when to work and rest.
- Avoid wasting time.
F: LESSON PRESENTATION
F1: Teachers’ Activities
- Introduces the meaning of time.
- Shows pupils clocks, watches and calendars.
- Explains different units of time.
- Revises relationships between units.
- Demonstrates how to read simple clock times.
- Uses a stopwatch to measure a short classroom activity.
- Discusses the importance of using time wisely.
F2: Pupils’ Activities
- Identify instruments for measuring time.
- Mention units of time.
- Read simple clock times.
- State relationships between units.
- Measure short activities with the teacher.
- Calculate simple durations.
- Mention reasons why time is important.
G: CONCLUSION
The teacher revises the meaning, instruments and units of time and how duration can be measured. The teacher encourages pupils to develop the habit of keeping to time.
H: EVALUATION GUIDE
Pupils should be able to answer the following questions:
- What is time?
- Mention three instruments used for measuring time.
- How many seconds make one minute?
- How many minutes make one hour?
- How many hours make one day?
- How many days make one week?
- How many months make one year?
- A lesson begins at 10:00 a.m. and ends at 11:00 a.m. How long is the lesson?
- Mention two reasons why measuring time is important.