TOPIC: FRACTIONS – ONE-HALF (½) AND ONE-QUARTER (¼)
A: TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS
- Fraction charts.
- Paper shapes.
- Fruits such as oranges.
- Bottle tops or counters.
- Pupils’ writing books and pencils.
B: REFERENCE MATERIALS
- Scheme of work.
- Recommended Mathematics textbook for Primary 2.
- Online educational resources.
C: PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
The pupils can count objects and divide groups of objects into smaller groups.
D: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Explain a fraction in simple terms.
- Identify one-half (½).
- Identify one-quarter (¼).
- Find one-half of simple groups of objects.
- Find one-quarter of simple groups of objects.
E: CONTENT
Meaning of a Fraction
A fraction is a part of a whole.
For example, when an orange is divided into equal parts, each part is a fraction of the whole orange.
One-Half (½)
When one whole is divided into 2 equal parts, each part is called one-half.
🍊 → 🍊|🍊
Each part = ½
Examples:
- Half of 2 = 1
- Half of 4 = 2
- Half of 6 = 3
- Half of 10 = 5
One-Quarter (¼)
When one whole is divided into 4 equal parts, each part is called one-quarter.
🟦 divided into 4 equal parts:
⬜⬜
⬜⬜
One part = ¼
Examples:
- Quarter of 4 = 1
- Quarter of 8 = 2
- Quarter of 12 = 3
F: LESSON PRESENTATION
F1: Teachers’ Activities
- Introduces fractions using familiar objects.
- Divides paper shapes into two equal parts.
- Explains one-half.
- Divides shapes into four equal parts.
- Explains one-quarter.
- Guides pupils to find halves and quarters of objects.
F2: Pupils’ Activities
- Observe divided objects.
- Identify one-half.
- Identify one-quarter.
- Divide simple shapes into equal parts.
- Find halves and quarters of groups of objects.
G: CONCLUSION
The teacher revises that ½ means one out of two equal parts, while ¼ means one out of four equal parts.
The teacher corrects pupils where necessary.
H: EVALUATION GUIDE
Pupils should be able to answer the following questions:
- What is a fraction?
- What fraction is one out of two equal parts?
- What fraction is one out of four equal parts?
- Find ½ of 8.
- Find ¼ of 8.
- Find ½ of 10.
- Shade ¼ of a square.